The 1880 US agricultural census asked the farmer about his land tenure–indicating whether the farmer: owned the land–there may have been a mortgage–“free” or “encumbered” was not asked. rented for “fixed money rent”–cash rent in today’s jargon. rented for “shares of product” Could be a clue as to whether land records need to be searched.  
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US agricultural census records won’t give you family relationships, but they provide you with details about your relative’s farm operation and allow you to compare its size to others in the same area. Details about the number of livestock, acres planted in various crops, amount of items sold, and other operational information is often included. Most agricultural censuses in the US were taken in the mid-to-late 19th century. They are available on microfilm and digital format. More information on these non-population schedules is available on the National Archives website.
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